Ultrasonic cross hole testing of deep foundations 3d imaging. Multiple seismic source locations, both within the boreholes and along the ground surface, create intersecting seismic raypaths. The crosshole tomography method is used to create a 2d or 3d image of the interior of the foundation element in the area of the defect to determine. P, s, and surface waves can be used for tomographic models of different resolutions based on seismic wavelength, wave source distance, and the seismograph array coverage. The csl testing procedure can detect anomalies inside concrete within just minutes. Crosshole sonic logging and frequency tomography analysis of. Scxt3000 is a selfcontained sonic logging system, suitable for testing concrete piles, barrettes and other mass concrete structures. Crosshole tomography ct is a higher resolution analysis which can be used for further investigations after csl has detected a flaw. Seismic tomography, crosshole, downhole geotomographie gmbh. Ct is a higher resolution analysis which is used for further investigations after csl has detected a flaw. The information obtained from cross borehole tomography, when properly interpreted in the context of all available information, can often be invaluable for preparing accurate geological cross sections for reservoir development and planning. Tomography software analyses provide 2d and 3d display of internal concrete conditions, including animation of defects.
Solutions for borehole and nearsurface seismic surveys. Terracon foundation and structural consulting professionals offer ndt testing of deep foundations using cross hole sonic logging csl, cross hole tomography ct and sonic echoimpulse response seir methods. Crossborehole tomography can be thought of as an extension of sonic logging to the reservoir cross section between two boreholes. A generally, additional data should be obtained from offset scans whenever parallel not offset scans exhibit defects. Laboratory study of the crosshole resistivity tomography. Borehole seismic methods largely fall into two categories, namely, crosshole seismics and seismic tomography. Cross hole sonic logging foundation test group consulting. The program replaces an older tomography program, with significant advantages. This method has also been used as a borehole logging tool 33,34,20,24,14 and as a crosshole logging tool 1,35 in laboratory experiments. Pdi crosshole analyzer buy pile crosshole analyzer. Crosshole ultrasonic tomography is referred to ray tracing by griding method and image reconstruction by combining the successively linearized iteration with damping leastsquares qr decomposition, with which the result has better precision than that with crosshole seismic tomography by using the same inversion method in engineering geological investigation. A pulsed radar system was used to collect both velocity and amplitude information about local rock conditions, and multiple borehole data allowed for the.
Tomography analysis can be performed during reprocessing when complex situations are encountered. Crosshole tomography ct testing and analysis is normally used in conjunction with crosshole sonic logging csl testing to provide additional information as to the size, shape, and location of a defect which has been located with standard csl testing. In the built environment engineered surfaces or infrastructure e. Chum supports cross hole sonic logging csl as well as single hole ultrasonic testing shut, ssl and two and threedimensional tomography 3dt, cslt. Crosshole sonic logging csl and crosshole tomography ct. Pdi crosshole analyzer, find complete details about pdi crosshole analyzer,pile crosshole analyzer from other physical measuring instruments. This software package includes crosshole survey design, model building and modeling, data preprocessing, cdp transformation, tomography, waveequation. This provides an initial indication of the amount of data within different sections of the profile and helps illustrate the resolution of the final model. Ct delivers unmatched accuracy for defining the size, shape.
Moreover, the cross hole resistivity tomography method can detect the target with great accuracy, no matter where the target is, even if it is outside the space between the boreholes fig. A seismic crosshole test was performed by generating both compressional waves. This method provides little indication of concrete soundness outside the cage. Cross hole ultrasonic monitor chum uses the crosshole sonic logging csl method atsm d676008 to perform highresolution quality control on deep foundations. The data received at seismometers are used to solve an inverse. In 2006, we demonstrated that it is possible to generate a 3 dimensional image of the pile with sonic logging and using tomography to the indian deep foundation industry. This software utilizes the profiles collected by the csl to provide additional imaging of the piles cross section. Since concrete strength is related to wave speed, this analysis is useful in cases where chaw analysis reveals a defect but does not give a precise idea of its extent. Pdf the potential of seismic crosshole tomography for. Retina computerized macular pathology diagnosis in. Standard test method for integrity testing of concrete deep foundations by ultrasonic crosshole testing, designation d 676008, west conshohocken pa. Seismic data processing software geotomographie gmbh. Evaluation of drilled shafts at piney creek bridge using crosshole sonic logging data and 3d tomographic imaging method.
Sorzano co, messaoudi c, eibauer m, bilbaocastro jr, hegerl r, nickell s, marco s, carazo jm. Geophysical techniques surface and borehole geophysics. Chum cross hole ultrasonic monitor with tomography support. The chum cross hole ultra sonic monitor uses the crosshole sonic logging csl method to perform highresolution quality control of deep foundations the system uses an ultra sonic wave sent from a transmitter to a receiver pulled through water filled access tubes embedded in the concrete. Crosshole ultrasonic tomography and its application to.
We use the windowsbased tomo1 software and slicerdicer software for users of an olson instruments crosshole sonic logging system. Cross hole seismic tomography outline borehole seismic tomography involves the measurement of the travel times of seismic ray paths between two or more boreholes in order to derive an image of seismic velocity in the intervening ground. Seismic methods can provide detailed information about rock properties and geological structure between boreholes. The chum cross hole ultrasonic monitor uses the crosshole sonic logging csl method astm d676016 to perform highresolution quality control on deep foundations. Is it necessary to do additional scans with the emitter and receiver somewhat offset in the vertical plane when performing tomography analysis on crosshole sonic logging data. This software utilizes the profiles collected by the csl to provide additional imaging of the piles crosssection. Seismic tomography seismic tomography uses an array of borehole and possibly surface geophones or hydrophones to characterize materials outside a borehole. The closer to the borehole the target is higher sensitivities, the greater the detection accuracy. Geophysics at the borehole and crossborehole scale carole johnson, john lane and john williams ogwbranch of geophysics.
The software analyzes wave speeds derived from arrival time data from the scans of all pairs of tubes to yield a wave speed map of the entire shaft volume. New tomography software for cross hole sonic logging. Refs 1, 2 and 3 three or more tubes are cast into the concrete during construction so that a series of tests can be carried out between pairs. The complete analysis software is used on site, enabling defects to be assessed in detail at the pile side if required. Tomographic analysis of crosshole sonic logging abe.
Multiple seismic source locations, both within the boreholes and along the ground. Bandwidth analyzer pack bap is designed to help you better understand your network, plan for various contingencies, and track down problems when they do occur. Cross hole ultrasonic system, two channels, for deep foundations testing equipment concrete. This section contains examples for setting up and running an cross hole tomographic inversion using sippi using the reference data from arren. Evaluation of drilled shafts at piney creek bridge using cross hole sonic logging data and 3d tomographic imaging method.
Sy8 cross hole sonic logging analyzer software can display the threedimensional tubular slice diagram, that is, the variation of the speed value of the external profile of the pile tested is displayed by using the chromatogram, and then the chromatogram is crimped and connected to form the tubular slice diagram to show the variation trend of the speed value of the pile. The same software can be used without licence for other users if required. Crosshole seismic tomography geophysics seg library. Moreover, the crosshole resistivity tomography method can detect the target with great accuracy, no matter where the target is, even if it is outside the space between the boreholes fig. Crosshole analyzer champq shaft area profile evaluator shape pile integrity tester pit static load tester slt pdi tomo 3d tomographic software. These tubes are usually attached to the reinforcement cage along the full length of the shafts. The software is used to image a defect in a foundation using ultrasonic. Our geotechnical engineering personnel have been trained on and use stateoftheart equipment and. The information obtained from crossborehole tomography, when properly interpreted in the context of all available information, can often be invaluable for preparing accurate geological cross sections for reservoir development and planning.
In addition to the standard crosshole sonic logging csl plots and reports, acs offers the option for 3d tomographic imaging of the pile. Scxt3000 cross hole sonic logging system jf testing services. The geophysical insitu testing, include cross hole, downhole and cross hole tomography techniques are crucial to characterize strength and stiffness of the soil volume, and provide major assessment in soil investigation and foundation design poulos and badelow, 2015. Many tomographic interpretations of crosshole seismic traveltimes have. Markerfree image registration of electron tomography tiltseries. This method has also been used as a bore hole logging tool 33,34,20,24,14 and as a cross hole logging tool 1,35 in laboratory experiments. Is it necessary to do additional scans with the emitter and receiver somewhat offset in the vertical plane when performing tomography analysis on cross hole sonic logging data. C37310n cross hole ultrasonic system, two channels, for.
Timelapse crosshole electrical resistivity tomography monitoring effects of an urban tunnel f. Pdf seismic crosshole tomography has been commonly used in oil and gas. The system uses an ultra sonic wave sent from a transmitter to a receiver pulled through water filled access tubes embedded in the concrete. Cross hole ultrasonic monitor chum, crosshole sonic. Ultrasonic cross hole testing of deep foundations 3d imaging yury volkovoy and richard stain sonic coring or more properly ultra sonic cross hole logging is a common test for concrete foundations and has been since the late 1960s. The system uses an ultrasonic wave sent from an emitter to a receiver while both are pulled through waterfilled access tubes embedded in the concrete. Computerized macular pathology diagnosis in spectral domain optical coherence tomography scans based on multiscale texture and shape features yuying liu,1 hiroshi ishikawa,2,3 mei chen,4 gadi wollstein,2 jay s. Borehole seismic methods largely fall into two categories, namely, crosshole seismics and seismic. The ct method uses data from multiple csl logs at different sourcereceiver height offsets. Application of crosshole tomography for assessment of. The geophysical insitu testing, include crosshole, downhole and crosshole tomography techniques are crucial to characterize strength and stiffness of the soil volume, and provide major assessment in soil investigation and foundation design poulos and badelow, 2015. Borehole sources and receivers to perform crosshole test generating and recording pswaves between boreholes for shallowdeep geotechnical investigations.
Sy8 cross hole sonic logging analyzer software can display the threedimensional tubular slice diagram, that is, the variation of the speed value of the external profile of the pile tested is displayed by using the chromatogram, and then the chromatogram is crimped and connected to form the tubular slice diagram to show the variation trend of the speed value. Pile tomography delivers unmatched accuracy for defining the size, shape, severity and location of defects. The ct method uses data from multiple csl logs at different sourcereceiver height offsets to generate a 2d image slice. Following picking the raw traveltime data is input into the modeling software and the ray coverage between displayed as a ray density profile right. Electrical resistivity tomography ert with downhole electrodes singlehole ert shert or crosshole ert chertis widely used in engineering projects. Capabilities and limitations of cross hole ultrasonic testing.
Crosshole sonic logging and velocity tomography imaging of. Assessing drilled shaft integrity with crosshole sonic logging. Whereas in conventional crosswell surveying there is only a single raypath considered for each shot, in tomography multiple raypaths are measured for each shot. May 20, 2016 pile dynamics has released the new pditomo software for analysis of crosshole sonic logging csl data.
Tomtime reads seismograph files and provides output that geotomcg can read. Engineered by james fisher testing services own development team, this ultrasonic pile testing system is supplied with a military spec rugged notebook computer as standard, enabling the operator to perform testing in difficult conditions. First, the crosshole seismic tomography method eliminates. In this study we evaluate cross borehole radar tomography methods which might be used to image mine openings in the deep subsurface, and lead to more prudent placement of pit haulage roadways. The only data files that the demo version can read are the data files included with the. Fewer boreholes are needed to achieve a continuous picture of the subsurface thereby reducing overall costs and the risk of missing target features. Cross hole sonic logging geo dynamics is again at the forefront in introducing yet another technology in india that is getting popular worldwide. In cases where a defect or other anomaly is located with the csl method but more information is needed about the defect size, shape and nature, we can perform crosshole tomography ct testing. Crosshole sonic logging and frequency tomography analysis of drilled shaft foundations to better evaluate anomalies locations article pdf available.
Cross borehole tomography can be thought of as an extension of sonic logging to the reservoir cross section between two boreholes. Pile dynamics has released the new pditomo software for analysis of crosshole sonic logging csl data. Sales, rentals of seismic sources, receivers and processing software, training and support. Imaging with crosshole seismoelectric tomography request pdf. Crosshole tomography analyses can be done to better characterize the shape of an anomaly identified in crosshol e sonic logging between a tested tube pair.
It is possible to implement the deviation of the boreholes. Overview historical data and geologic maps surface geophysics borehole geophysics crosshole testing hydraulic measurements hydraulic testing, water levels, sampling, pumping tests. Crosshole sonic logging csl is a method to verify the structural integrity of drilled shafts and other concrete piles the csl method is considered to be more accurate than sonic echo testing in the determination of structural soundness of concrete within the drilled shaft inside of the rebar cage. The geophysical tomography team crosshole resistivity.
How to perform a tomography analysis on crosshole sonic. Pditomo tomographic software is available for superior tomographic results providing intuitive 3d identification of questionable areas, as well as allowing for a quick and easy quantitative, comprehensive, engineering analysis. Seismic crosshole equipment pswaves geotomographie gmbh. Capabilities and limitations of cross hole ultrasonic. Refs 1, 2 and 3 three or more tubes are cast into the concrete during construction so that a series of. Crosshole sonic logging and frequency tomography analysis. Agricultural industry earth sciences aquatic resources clay soils electrical conductivity flow dynamics geophysical research geophysical surveying usage geophysics groundwater hormone replacement. Pditomo crosshole sonic logging evaluates the integrity of the concrete of drilled shafts and other bored or castinplace deep foundations. The chum cross hole ultra sonic monitor uses the crosshole sonic logging csl method to perform highresolution quality control of deep foundations. The system uses an ultrasonic from an emitter to a receiver while both are pulled through waterfilled access tubeswave sent embedded in the concrete. A crosshole sonic logging csl and crosshole tomography ct investigation was performed at the university of massachusetts, amherst, in april of 2000, as part of a competitive program to nondestructively image known foundation defects for 6 drilled shafts. Geotom, llc develops, sells, and supports the tomographic inversion software geotomcg and the companion timepicking software tomtime. Deep tunnel detection using crosshole radar tomography.
Terracon foundation and structural consulting professionals offer ndt testing of deep foundations using crosshole sonic logging csl, crosshole tomography ct and sonic echoimpulse response seir methods. A generally, additional data should be obtained from offset scans. Sippi includes a reference cross hole gpr data from arrenaes set is also available, and will be used here to demonstrate the use of sippi to solve cross hole tomographic inversion in a probabilistic framework sippi also includes the implementation of multiple methods for computing the travel time delay between a set of sources and receivers. In addition to the standard cross hole sonic logging csl plots and reports, acs offers the option for 3d tomographic imaging of the pile. Drilling and preparation of injection boreholes located within a test. This is the primary method used in the industry for for high resolution testing of large drilled piles acip applicable standards. Seismic data can be sorted and edited and traveltimes can be determined.
The software is used to process seismic crosshole testing data obtained after astm4428 and to output results. May 02, 2016 new tomography software for cross hole sonic logging. Seismic tomography is a technique for imaging the subsurface of the earth with seismic waves produced by earthquakes or explosions. Crosshole seismic tomography cst works carried out between specified boreholes. It allows the preprocessing, registration of tilt series before performing 3d reconstructions. Drilled shafts are prepared for i ntegrity testing by csl during their construction by installation of at least three tubes with a minimum inside diameter of 38mm 1. Crosshole sonic logging and frequency tomography analysis of drilled shaft foundations to better evaluate anomalies locations article pdf available april 2014 with 1,127 reads how we measure.
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